Spark Fundamentals

Chapter 1. Introduction to Functional Programming

• What is Functional Programming (FP)?
• Terminology: First-Class and Higher-Order Functions
• Terminology: Lambda vs Closure
• A Short List of Languages that Support FP
• FP with Java
• FP With JavaScript
• Imperative Programming in JavaScript
• The JavaScript map (FP) Example
• The JavaScript reduce (FP) Example
• Using reduce to Flatten an Array of Arrays (FP) Example
• The JavaScript filter (FP) Example
• Common High-Order Functions in Python
• Common High-Order Functions in Scala
• Elements of FP in R
• Summary

Chapter 2. Introduction to Apache Spark

• What is Spark
• A Short History of Spark
• Where to Get Spark?
• The Spark Platform
• Spark Logo
• Common Spark Use Cases
• Languages Supported by Spark
• Running Spark on a Cluster
• The Driver Process
• Spark Applications
• Spark Shell
• The spark-submit Tool
• The spark-submit Tool Configuration
• The Executor and Worker Processes
• The Spark Application Architecture
• Interfaces with Data Storage Systems
• Limitations of Hadoop's MapReduce
• Spark vs MapReduce
• Spark as an Alternative to Apache Tez
• The Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)
• Spark Streaming (Micro-batching)
• Spark SQL
• Example of Spark SQL
• Spark Machine Learning Library
• GraphX
• Spark vs R
• Summary

Chapter 3. Hadoop Distributed File System Overview

• Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
• HDFS High Availability
• HDFS "Fine Print"
• Storing Raw Data in HDFS
• Hadoop Security
• HDFS Rack-awareness
• Data Blocks
• Data Block Replication Example
• HDFS NameNode Directory Diagram
• Accessing HDFS
• Examples of HDFS Commands
• Other Supported File Systems
• WebHDFS
• Examples of WebHDFS Calls
• Client Interactions with HDFS for the Read Operation
• Read Operation Sequence Diagram
• Client Interactions with HDFS for the Write Operation
• Communication inside HDFS
• Summary

Chapter 4. The Spark Shell

• The Spark Shell
• The Spark Shell UI
• Spark Shell Options
• Getting Help
• The Spark Context (sc) and SQL Context (sqlContext)
• The Shell Spark Context
• Loading Files
• Saving Files
• Basic Spark ETL Operations
• Summary

Chapter 5. Spark RDDs

• The Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)
• Ways to Create an RDD
• Custom RDDs
• Supported Data Types
• RDD Operations
• RDDs are Immutable
• Spark Actions
• RDD Transformations
• Other RDD Operations
• Chaining RDD Operations
• RDD Lineage
• The Big Picture
• What May Go Wrong
• Checkpointing RDDs
• Local Checkpointing
• Parallelized Collections
• More on parallelize() Method
• The Pair RDD
• Where do I use Pair RDDs?
• Example of Creating a Pair RDD with Map
• Example of Creating a Pair RDD with keyBy
• Miscellaneous Pair RDD Operations
• RDD Caching
• RDD Persistence
• The Tachyon Storage
• Summary

Chapter 6. Shared Variables in Spark

• Shared Variables in Spark
• Broadcast Variables
• Creating and Using Broadcast Variables
• Example of Using Broadcast Variables
• Accumulators
• Creating and Using Accumulators
• Example of Using Accumulators
• Custom Accumulators
• Summary

Chapter 7. Parallel Data Processing with Spark

• Running Spark on a Cluster
• Spark Stand-alone Option
• The High-Level Execution Flow in Stand-alone Spark Cluster
• Data Partitioning
• Data Partitioning Diagram
• Single Local File System RDD Partitioning
• Multiple File RDD Partitioning
• Special Cases for Small-sized Files
• Parallel Data Processing of Partitions
• Spark Application, Jobs, and Tasks
• Stages and Shuffles
• The "Big Picture"
• Summary

Chapter 8. Introduction to Spark SQL

• What is Spark SQL?
• Uniform Data Access with Spark SQL
• Hive Integration
• Hive Interface
• Integration with BI Tools
• Spark SQL is No Longer Experimental Developer API!
• What is a DataFrame?
• The SQLContext Object
• The SQLContext API
• Changes Between Spark SQL 1.3 to 1.4
• Example of Spark SQL (Scala Example)
• Example of Working with a JSON File
• Example of Working with a Parquet File
• Using JDBC Sources
• JDBC Connection Example
• Performance & Scalability of Spark SQL
• Summary

Chapter 9. Graph Processing with GraphX

• What is GraphX?
• Supported Languages
• Vertices and Edges
• Graph Terminology
• Example of Property Graph
• The GraphX API
• The GraphX Views
• The Triplet View
• Graph Algorithms
• Graphs and RDDs
• Constructing Graphs
• Graph Operators
• Example of Using GraphX Operators
• GraphX Performance Optimization
• The PageRank Algorithm
• GraphX Support for PageRank
• Summary

Chapter 10. Machine Learning Algorithms

• Supervised vs Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms
• Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms
• Choose the Right Algorithm
• Life-cycles of Machine Learning Development
• Classifying with k-Nearest Neighbors (SL)
• k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm
• k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm
• The Error Rate
• Decision Trees (SL)
• Random Forests
• Unsupervised Learning Type: Clustering
• K-Means Clustering (UL)
• K-Means Clustering in a Nutshell
• Regression Analysis
• Logistic Regression
• Summary

Chapter 11. The Spark Machine Learning Library

• What is MLlib?
• Supported Languages
• MLlib Packages
• Dense and Sparse Vectors
• Labeled Point
• Python Example of Using the LabeledPoint Class
• LIBSVM format
• An Example of a LIBSVM File
• Loading LIBSVM Files
• Local Matrices
• Example of Creating Matrices in MLlib
• Distributed Matrices
• Example of Using a Distributed Matrix
• Classification and Regression Algorithm
• Clustering
• Summary

Chapter 12. Spark Streaming

• What is Spark Streaming?
• Spark Streaming as Micro-batching
• Use Cases
• Some "Competition"
• Spark Streaming Features
• How It Works
• Basic Data Stream Sources
• Advanced Data Stream Sources
• The DStream Object
• DStream - RDD Diagram
• The Operational DStream API
• DStream Output Operations
• The
• StreamingContext Object
• TCP Text Streams Example (in Scala)
• Accessing the Underlying RDDs
• The Sliding Window Concept
• The Sliding Window Diagram
• The Window Operations
• A Windowed Computation Example (Scala)
• Points to Remember
• Other Points to Remember
• Summary

Lab Exercises

Lab 1. Learning the Lab Environment
Lab 2. Elements of Functional Programming with Python
Lab 3. The Hadoop Distributed File System
Lab 4. Using the spark-submit Tool
Lab 5. The Spark Shell
Lab 6. RDD Performance Improvement Techniques
Lab 7. Spark ETL and HDFS Interface
Lab 8. Using Broadcast Variables
Lab 9. Using Accumulators
Lab 10. Common Map / Reduce Programs in Spark
Lab 11. Spark SQL
Lab 12. Getting Started with GraphX
Lab 13. PageRank with GraphX
Lab 14. Using Random Forests for Classification with Spark MLlib
Lab 15. Using k-means Algorithm from MLlib
Lab 16. Text Classification with Spark ML Pipeline
Lab 17. Spark Streaming: Part 1
Lab 18. Spark Streaming: Part 2